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THE NAVY GENERAL STAFF
THE CENTER OF MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ANALYSIS
REPORT ON ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Project “Renovating, expanding and building systems on Barque Canada Reef”
I.GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1 Project name
Renovating, expanding and building engineering systems on Barque Canada Reef
1.2 Head of the Project: The Naval Command
1.3 Project location
The project location is on Barque Canada Reef in Truong Sa archipelago, Truong Sa island district, Khanh Hoa province.
Geographical location: Barque Canada Reef is an atoll of Amboyna Cay, located in the South of Truong Sa archipelago, with radii of 08°11′00″N and 113°18′36″E. Barque Canada Reef is about 87 nautical miles southeast away from the southeast of Truong Sa island, about 20 nautical miles from Amboyna Cay to the northeast, about 309 nautical miles away from the east of Cam Ranh Bay. It is one of the islands with important strategic status in the Truong Sa archipelago.
Topography features: Barque Canada Reef runs from northeast to the southwest, it's the longest island in Truong Sa archipelago, about 30.5 km long and about 5.0 km wide. The northeastern island is higher than the southeast part. Along the third of the reef runs from northeast to the southwest, there are many individual rocks protruding from the water. In the middle of Barque Canada Reef, there is a deep lake, about 11 km long and 2 km wide on average (the depth of the lake is 4-6 m), at the lowest tide it is still flooded. In the lake, there are 3 small sandbanks that rise up at low tide to about 0.5m, when the water is high, all 3 sandbanks are flooded 1m deep.
Geological features: According to the geological survey documents conducted by the Institute of Special Engineering and Technology, the geological strata in the coral reef area of the island are relatively similar. From the shelf surface to a depth of 10m, the main rock layers include the following:
Loose coral layer: A mix of coral branches, coral roots and reef limestone with moderate density. In terms of hardness, shallow surface corals can be excavated mechanically or manually, but if the coral substrate is large, explosives should be used before excavation.
The coral rock: The coral rhizome is grayish-white and has a varying degree of compactness. The thickness of the layer has not been determined in all drilling holes as drilling has not penetrated through the bottom layer.
II. Project scale
2.1 Investment scale
Continue to dredge and improve the lagoon and ship waterway, use dredged sand and coral stone to embellish and expand the island. After expansion, the total area reached about 233ha.
Invest in constructing infrastructure systems on the expansion area including various items such as: Investment in constructing infrastructure systems for the expansion includes the following items: Fortification of Military airport level 1 combined with civil aviation airport level 4E, Construction of port facilities and ramps for amphibious vessels, combined with access roads for seaplane, Technical logistics support center, fisheries logistics infrastructure, And combat infrastructure system: command fortifications, medium-range missile emplacements, artillery emplacements, weapon storage facilities, trenches, trench transportation system, and tactical elements combined with combat trenches.
2.2 Basic design construction plan
a1. Airport area: Building a Grade 1 military airport combined with a Grade 4E civil airport, with dimensions of 3500m x 800m.The runway approximately 3500m-long and 55m-wide. The main apron is located in the southeast, with dimensions of 450m x 128m. Constructing 02 taxiways connecting the runway to the main apron, with dimensions of 155.8m x 31m.
a2. Dredging Lagoon and Ship Channels: Dredging Lagoon, removing about 11,200m3 rocks and sediment to landfill on the feature; Dredging and widening the channel on the feature's northeast and the west - northwest tip, removing about 360,000m3 rocks and sediment to landfill on the feature.
a3. Medium-range Missile Position:
The command bunker for the fire support platoon is a rectangular central bunker with a ground plan measuring 10m x 3.5m. The horizontal cross-section of the bunker has the following internal dimensions: the base is 3.5m wide, the vertical side is 2.5m high, the top and vertical side are 60cm thick, while the base is 40cm thick. The vertical cross-section of the bunker has the following internal dimensions: the base is 10m wide and the vertical side is 2.5m high.
The missile launch bunker, designed to accommodate both EXTRA and ACCULAR missiles, has a rectangular ground plan with dimensions of 15.2m x 4.0m. The horizontal cross-section of the bunker has the following internal dimensions: the base is 4m wide, the vertical side is 3m high, the roof and vertical side are 60cm thick, while the base is 40cm thick. The vertical cross-section of the bunker has the following internal dimensions: the base is 15.2m wide and the vertical side is 3m high.
Mobile road: for transporting the detachable components of the missile launch system.
The launch site for the missile system consists of a square area with dimensions of 7m x 7m, which is divided into two main sections: the concrete launch pad (measuring 5m x 5m) and the concrete operating platform (expanded on both sides of the launch pad, with each side extending 2m). In terms of cross-section, the concrete launch pad has a rectangular shape. It is constructed with a thickness of 60cm and is buried 50cm deep below the natural ground level to enhance its ability to withstand structural movement during missile launches. The top surface of the concrete launch pad is elevated 10cm above the natural ground level. And the concrete operating platform also has a rectangular shape. It is constructed with a thickness of 20cm and is buried 10cm deep below the natural ground level. It's a great convenience for the operator to launch missile.
a4. Island Command Post Shelter: Box shape, semi-negative, rectangular center area 9.45x7.7m; 02 entrances on both sides are 3.3 and 2.35m long. In the 2m high tunnel, the entrance is 2.4m high. The tunnel wall is 80cm thick, the bottom of the tunnel is 30cm thick, the roof is 100cm thick, the entrances on both sides have walls and bottom 25cm, the roof is 30cm thick.
a5. Field Command Shelter: Box shape, semi-negative, rectangular center area size 8.5x6.35m; 02 entrances on both sides with lengths of 3.1 and 2.15m. In the 2m high tunnel, the entrance is 2.4m high. The tunnel wall is 80cm thick, the bottom of the tunnel is 30cm thick, the roof is 100cm thick, the entrances on both sides have walls and bottom 25cm, the roof is 30cm thick.
a6. Communication Shelter: Box shape, placed semi-negative, the center area is rectangular with dimensions of 7.8 x 5.45m; 02 entrances on both sides of length 1.45 and 2.1m. In the 2m high tunnel, the entrance is 2.7m high. The tunnel wall is 80cm thick, the bottom of the tunnel is 30cm thick, the roof is 100cm thick, the entrances on both sides have walls and bottom 25cm, the roof is 30cm thick.
a7. Squad Bunker, Marine Corps and Spy Force Shelter: Block type, semi-negative, rectangular center area 5.6x4.1m; 02 entrances on both sides, each 4.3m long. In the tunnel is 2.1m high, the entrance is 2.4m high. The tunnel wall is 80cm thick, the bottom of the tunnel is 30cm thick, the roof is 100cm thick, the entrances on both sides have walls and bottom 25cm, the roof is 30cm thick.
a8. Underground Grain and Food Storage: Box shape, semi-negative, center area is rectangular with size 8.6x4.1m; 02 entrances on both sides, each 4.3m long. In the tunnel is 2.1m high, the entrance is 2.4m high. The tunnel wall is 80cm thick, the bottom of the tunnel is 30cm thick, the roof is 100cm thick, the entrances on both sides have walls and bottom 25cm, the roof is 30cm thick.
a9. Military Medical Corps Shelter: Box shape, semi-negative, center area rectangular with size 8.6x4.1m; 02 entrances on both sides, each 3.5m long. In the tunnel 2.0m high; 2.6m high entrance. The tunnel wall is 80cm thick, the bottom of the tunnel is 30cm thick, the roof is 100cm thick, the entrances on both sides have walls and bottom 25cm, the roof is 30cm thick.
Finishing the wall of the functional area with high-ceiling white glass and ceramic tiles, the floor is tiled with Ceramic tiles.
a10. Ammunition Storage Shelter: Structure similar to food and food cellar.
a11. Underground Landmine Storage: Box shape, semi-negative, center area rectangular in size 5.6x3.9m; 02 trenches in and out on both sides, each 1m long. In the tunnel 1.8m high. The side wall is 40cm thick, the bottom of the tunnel is 30cm thick, the top of the tunnel is 50cm thick.
a12. Technical materials Shelter: Box shape, semi-negative, floor plan size 6.8x3.3m; 02 entrances on both sides, each 3.9m long. In the 2.1m high tunnel, the entrance is 1.9m high. The side wall is 40cm thick, the bottom of the tunnel is 30cm thick, the top of the tunnel is 50cm thick. The entrance has a 20cm thick bottom, roof and wall.
a13. Underground Central Kitchen: Box shape, semi-negative, floor size 6.8x3.3m; 02 entrances on both sides, each 3.9m long. In the kitchen 2.1m high; 1.9m entrance and exit. The kitchen center area has 40cm thick wall, 30cm thick bottom, 50cm thick roof. The entrance has walls, bottom and roof 20cm thick. The wall of the function area and the kitchen pedestal are covered with high-ceiling white glazed ceramic tiles; Creamic anti-slip tile background.
a14. 85mm Artillery Position: Including shooting fortifications and guaranteed fortifications
Shooting Fortifications: The plan is a semicircular shape, inner radius R=5m, surrounded by wall 50cm thick and 100cm high, with 2 boxes of ammunition, measuring 1.5x1.5x0.9m on both sides of the wall.
Guaranteed fortifications: Including shelters and battlefield ammunition.
Shelter: Semi-negative design, square plan size 4.1x4.1m; 02 trenches in and out on both sides with a total length of 3.2m connected to the trench transportation system and maneuvered to the firing range. Side wall is 40cm thick, bottom is 30cm thick, roof is 50cm thick. In the tunnel 1.8m high.
Battlefield ammunition bunker: Semi-negative design, rectangular plan size 3.8x2.8m; 01 trench for maneuvering to the firing range 2.8m long. Clearance height, wall thickness, bottom and roof are similar to shelters.
a15. 85mm Artillery Bunker
Rectangular basement floor plan size 10.6x3.5m; 01 ramp of 12%, 12.4m long, to pull artillery up and down the tunnel and the trenches on both sides of the tunnel are connected to the trench system in the area, 1m long on each side.
Slope section: U-shaped, 2.5m wide, side wall 30cm thick, foundation 15cm thick.
Accessories that come with the work include a winch to pull cannons from the tunnel to the ground, giving operational positions.
a16. 37mm Anti-aircraft Gun Position: Including shooting fortifications and Guaranteed fortifications
Shooting Fortifications: The plan is an ellipse(minimum inner radius 2.248m, maximum 3.3m), surrounded by wall 50cm thick and 90cm high, with 2 boxes of ammunition, measuring 1.2x1.0x0.7m on both sides of the wall.
Guaranteed fortifications: Similar to the secured fortifications of the 85mm artillery field.
a17. 37mm Anti-aircraft Gun Bunker
Plan: Rectangle size 9.0x3.5m; 01 ramp of 12%, 12.4m long to pull cannons up and down the tunnel and 02 trenches on both sides of the tunnel entrance, 1m long on each side.
Tunnel cross-section: Straight wall arch with aperture 2.5x2.8m, semi-acoustic design, side wall and roof arch 50cm thick, bottom 30cm thick.
Slope section: U-shaped, 2.5m wide, side wall 30cm thick, foundation 15cm thick.
Accessories that come with the work include a winch to pull cannons from the tunnel to the ground, giving operational positions.
a18. SU23 Position: Including anti-aircraft shooting fortifications, ground-to-sea shooting fortifications, artillery towing path, Guaranteed fortifications.
Anti-aircraft shooting fortifications: The plan is a circular shape, inner radius R=2.2m, surrounded by wall 50cm thick and 60cm high, with 2 boxes of ammunition, measuring 1.0x0.4m on both sides of the wall.
Ground-to-sea shooting Fortifications: T-shaped plan size 5.9x4.55m. The cross-section is in the form of an arch with a span of 3 meters and a height of 2.12 meters. The side walls and the vaulted roof have a thickness of 50cm, while the base has a thickness of 35cm.
Guaranteed fortifications: partially soundproof design, with a plan view size of 4.55x6.1m and two trenches on both sides (one is connected to the traffic trench system in the area, the other is for maneuvering) on the ground into the shooting Position). Inner Shelter 1.8m high, 40cm thick wall, 30cm thick base, 50cm thick roof.
Artillery towing path: 2.5m wide, 10÷15m long (depending on the terrain), the Artillery towing path is made of concrete, 5cm thick.
a19. 12.7mm Anti-aircraft Machine Gun Position: Including Shooting fortifications and Guaranteed fortifications
Shooting Fortifications: The plan is a circle with an inner radius of 1.4m and an outer radius of 1.9m. Tapered walls 90cm high, 60cm thick base and 35cm thick roof. The foundation of shooting fortification is 20cm thick. Additionally, there is a 6m-long trench that connects the shooting fortifications with the guaranteed fortifications and the traffic trench system.
Guaranteed fortifications: Semi-negative block form, rectangular plan size 4.9x3.8m; 02 sections of trenches on both sides, each 0.9m long for the entrance of the cave from the security fortifications to the firing fortifications and the trench transportation system. In the tunnel 1.8m high. The tunnel wall is 40cm thick, the basement is 30cm thick, the roof is 50cm thick.
a20. Recoilless Rifle Position: Including Shooting fortifications and Guaranteed fortifications
Shooting fortifications: The ground of the gun pedestal is in the shape of a semicircle with an open cover, with an inner radius r = 1.3m, outer radius R = 1.8m. Success is 100cm high, 50cm thick; The bottom of the fortification is 20cm thick. The fire ring behind the gun mount is in the shape of a semicircle, the inner radius r = 3.3m, the outer radius R = 3.5m.
a21. AGS Position: Including Shooting fortifications and Guaranteed fortifications
Shooting fortifications: Rectangular plan size 3.2x2.62m. The fortification is 1.5m high, 0.5m thick, inside the fortification there is a gun stand. The 6m-long trench connects the firing fortifications with the security fortifications and the trench transportation system.
Secured fortifications: Similar to the fortifications of the 12.7mm SMPK battlefield.
a22. 37mm Anti-aircraft Gun Command Shelter: Including 01 command tunnel in the middle, 06 functional niches arranged around and 02 trenches to connect with the trench transportation system in the area. Command bunker size 2.8x3.8m. The wall and bottom of the tunnel are 40cm thick, the roof of the tunnel is 70cm thick; in a 2m high tunnel. The niches include 05 niches with a circular plan, the inner diameter r = 1.2m, the remaining niche is rectangular with the inside size of 1.05x0.8m. The pit wall is 1.95m high, the wall is 30cm thick.
a23. Traffic trench, trench and associated tactical items
The system of trenches arranged in zigzag shape; the length of each straight section of the trench is from 7 to 10m, the trench is from 5 to 7m. Turning angle ≥ 135o. On the trench wall, there are hooks waiting to install the communication wiring. The sections of traffic trenches with lids are arranged with lighting bricks on the roof at a distance of 3m/piece, and an electrical lighting system is arranged inside. In the trench transportation system, the following items are arranged: Underground kitchen, underground toilet, battery charging station, sheltering trench fork, section avoiding combined fire point along the trench, shooting niche combined with crossing trenches and tunnels. Whistle, cavity for battery, hatch. The structure of each specific item is as follows:
Traffic Trench Ceiling: The cross-section is isosceles trapezoidal, the size of the bottom is 80cm wide, the top is 90cm wide, and the height is 180cm. Beveled wall, 20cm thick base, 15cm thick top, 15cm thick bottom.
Cooking Oven: Rectangular plan size 2.4x1.6m. The inside is 1.75m high. The cross section is rectangular, side walls are 20cm thick, bottom and top are 15cm thick.
Squat toilet: Rectangular floor size 2.7x1.4m. Inside is 1.8m high. The cross section is rectangular, side walls are 20cm thick, bottom and top are 15cm thick.
Battery-charging station: Rectangular floor size 4.8x3.4m. The inside is 2.9m high. Rectangular section, side walls, bottom and top 20cm thick.
Traffic Trench system include: Trench-Bullet Bunker, Shooting Bunker Across Trench, Bugler Shelter, Battery Container.
III. SOURCES OF IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT
The project's waste sources include: Dust, exhaust gas, wastewater and solid waste.
3.1. During the project construction phase: Generation of dust, exhaust gas, wastewater and hazardous waste from the process of transporting materials, loading and unloading materials to the island, and building works.
Activities and sources causing environmental impacts during the project construction phase include:
1. Transporting materials to Barque Canada Reef
Transportation by car from the supply location to the gathering point in Cam Ranh.
Transportation by ship to the island.
Transportation from the ship to the island by transfer barges.
Mechanical loading and unloading onto the island.
2. Construction activities of dredging, clearing and opening channels at Barque Canada Reef
Activities of dredging construction
Blasting activities for coral reef rock fragmentation and channel expansion
3. Land reclamation and landform shaping activities at Barque Canada Reef
4. Activities of workers at the construction site
The above activities generate waste and have environmental impacts as shown in the following table:
Table 1: Environmental impacts during the preparation and construction phase of the Project
No. Activities
Impact factors
Subject, scale affected

1 Transportation, loading and unloading of materials - Dust, exhaust gas (CO, NOx, SOx, HC)
- Wastewater and ship washing water from transport vessels
- Solid waste
- Vibration, noise
- Increasing traffic density
- Occupational accident - Air environment
- Water Environment
- People and the surrounding infrastructure along the transportation route
2 Dredging, blasting, and transportation of coral reef sand and rocks - Dust, exhaust gas (CO, NOx, SOx, HC)
- Stormwater runoff
- Wastewater from the transportation vessels carrying the dredged coral reef sand and rocks
- Hazardous solid waste, TSS
- Vibration, noise
- Impact of shock waves, coral rock fragments
- Increasing traffic density
- Geomorphological influence on coastal geomorphology and seabed sediment - Air environment
- Water Environment
- People, officers and soldiers on the island
- Marine ecosystem and coral reef ecosystem
3 Land reclamation activities at Barque Canada Reef - Dust, exhaust gas
- Domestic wastewater
- Vibration, noise
- solid waste, TSS - Air environment
- Water Environment
- Marine ecosystem and coral reef ecosystem
- People, officers and soldiers on the island
4 Workers' activities - Domestic wastewater
- Solid waste
- Human conflict
- Diseases - Air environment
- Water Environment
- Humans and social factors

3.2. During the project operation phase: Construction works for military purposes, ensuring combat and defense.
3.3. The standards applied to assess the level of pollution are:
+ QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT: National technical regulation on ambient air quality;
+ QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT: National technical regulation on noise;
+ QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on domestic wastewater;
+ QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT: National technical regulation on certain hazardous substances in the ambient air;
+ QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT: National technical regulation on industrial emissions for dust and inorganic substances;
+ Circular No. 36/2015/TT-BTNMT dated June 30, 2015 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment regulating on hazardous waste management.
IV. NEGATIVE IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT
4.1. Construction phase of the project
4.1.1. Impacts on coral reef ecosystems
Coral reef ecosystems are one of the three characteristic marine ecosystems. Coral reefs constitute diverse marine ecosystems that are of great significance for global economic development.
However, activities such as dredging, land reclamation, and artificial island construction in coral reef areas result in severe damage to coral reefs and their ecosystems. The use of explosives and dredging activities for land reclamation not only destroys coral reefs in the targeted areas but also affects a large portion of the surrounding coral reefs. In addition, the recovery of coral reefs is very slow, even impossible to recover.
Furthermore, these activities also disturb the seabed, potentially creating sediment plumes and causing seepage from the reclaimed areas, which can result in large sediment that cover and harm coral reefs along their path. The sediment currents can also erode coral reefs, affecting the survival of marine species living within them. That is why there is no sign of recovery in the dredged areas. Moreover, the filled-in coral reefs used for constructing artificial islands will gradually degrade over time, leading to subsidence and accumulation. As a result, reclamation and dredging activities on these artificial islands will need to be carried out regularly, and the surrounding reefs may suffer from chronic land reclamation and long-term ecological damage.
The transportation of materials and machinery by construction vehicles to the island will have an impact on the surrounding ecosystem of coral reefs because grease may leak from construction vehicles.
The increase in the population on the island also has an impact on the ecological environment. The growing population puts a strain on sanitation infrastructure, leading to increased waste generation and water pollution, which in turn affects aquatic organisms.
The activities mentioned above contribute to the degradation of coral reefs and pose a significant threat to the extinction of many marine species. The degradation and destruction of coral reefs alter the physiological processes in the symbiotic relationship between coral and algae. Marine organisms and seafood are dispersed, and the majority of fish in coral reefs are largely depleted. The destruction of primary producers, such as floating plants, the first link in the food chain for floating animals, leads to a significant reduction in floating animals. As a result, the primary food source for intermediate and upper-level organisms is greatly diminished.
4.1.2. Dust, gas emission and wastewater
During the construction process, pollutants from diesel-engine vehicles transporting materials such as dust, SO2, NOx, CO, VOC are emitted into the environment. According to the calculations, the amount of pollutants in the exhaust emissions from ships transporting construction materials is many times higher than the limits allowed by World Health Organization (WHO) standards. In addition to gas emission from transport vehicles, there are other sources of pollution such as dust from dumping of sand, gravel, bricks and tiles. These gases will significantly pollute the air environment, directly affecting the health of the workers.
The total amount of wastewater generated is approximately 3.2m3 per day, primarily consisting of domestic wastewater. The pollutant concentrations in domestic wastewater exceed the national standards. The BOD5 value exceeds the standard by 158.4 times，the TSS exceeds the standard by 142.9 times, the Ammonia exceeds the standard by 85.3 times, the Phosphat exceeds the standard by 47.9 times, the TDS exceeds the standard by 36.6 times, and the lubricating oil exceed the standard by 149.2 times. In addition, there is wastewater generated from the concrete curing process and construction equipment maintenance, as well as the rainwater flow over the construction surface. The suspended solids (SS) in the wastewater of construction exceeds the permissible limit of the National Industrial Wastewater Discharge Standards，the SS exceeds the standard by 5 to 6 times.
4.1.3. Solid waste
Construction solid waste: During the construction process, various construction materials can generate solid waste such as iron, steel, sand, cement, stone, and wood. After using construction materials, lots of packaging bags will be accumulated, it is estimated that there are a total of 4,097 bags. These solid wastes will be thrown into the sea, resulting in foul odors due to the decomposition of organic waste，it can lead to eutrophication of the water and cause degradation of marine aquatic life. A certain amount of waste generate by the activities of construction will be dropped into the water, primarily consisting of sand and cement slurry, approximately 5-7% of the construction volume, that will have adverse effects on the marine environment.
Domestic solid waste: The bulk of solid waste generated during dredging and land reclamation mainly consists of organic matter such as paper, cigarette butts, various types of plastics (nylon), drink cans, and beer bottles. If there are no proper collection and treatment measures, the waste can have significant and negative impacts on the marine environment. The decomposition process of organic matter can result in stench and affects the air quality. All of the waste dumped into the sea can cause water pollution, it will provide favorable conditions for the growth of disease-causing microorganisms and posing risks of disease transmission, which can impact the health of construction workers and soldiers on the island.
Hazardous waste: The main source of hazardous waste is waste oil and grease due to the maintenance of construction machinery such as transport ships, pump engines, suction ships, dredgers, power generators. The amount of grease rags generated on the island is 327.5kg, a large volume of the grease rags, if not handled in accordance with regulations, will Cause negative impacts on the surrounding environment. Lubricant, oil residue from construction vehicles flow into the sea is very easy to happen, Oil products sinking and decomposing at the bottom of water sources contribute to water pollution. Oil-containing sludge accumulated on the seabed is a persistent source of pollution to the ocean, posing harm to benthic organisms, which serve as food for fish.
4.2. The Operational Phase
Investment project: “Renovating, expanding and building systems on Barque Canada Reef” with the main objects of construction works for military purposes, ensure the combat capability of our defense forces. These are primarily public technical infrastructures serving national security and economic development of island.
The islands on the Spratly archipelago relatively independent, so the only means of reaching the islands is by waterway. In reality, the current expansion and construction of new facilities for military and civil purposes on the islands have extended the observation range, shooting range and improved the maneuverability of combat forces. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to add new fortifications on the expanded area to meet the requirements of combat missions when situations occur. Therefore, the main environmental impacts during the operational phase are as follows:
4.2.1. In the situation of combat readiness exercises
When the underground bunker systems were completed, the garrison troops will use these underground bunkers to carry out daily combat readiness exercises and training so as to improve their combat skills. Therefore, the combat readiness exercises can generate a large amount of waste from underground food storage, landmine storage, and Squat toilets.
4.2.2. In the situation when there is an enemy occupation
When a combat situation occurs, all these underground bunkers will be used to serve the purpose of repelling the enemy attack. Similar to combat readiness exercises, various types of waste above will also be generated.
4.2.3. Livelihood activities after the expansion of islands
We are planning to develop marine fisheries integrated centre and fishing area on Barque Canada Reef. Fishing boats operating near the islands will produce oil pollution, and fishermen will also produce domestic wastewater during fishing operations, which will cause serious pollution to the water resources on the island. In addition, the increase of island residents after the expansion of the islands will also aggravate environmental pollution on the island.
V. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PLAN (Developing a separate report)
VI. CONCLUSION
Investment project “Expanding and constructing infrastructure systems on Barque Canada Reef” is an essential undertaking in the current situation, contributing to strengthening national security and sovereignty, enhancing the capacity to manage and protect the sea and islands, preventing invasion from the sea, and serving as the backbone of the national defense system linked to the security situation in vital maritime and island areas, ensuring the steadfast protection of national sovereignty over seas, islands, continental shelves, and the southern petroleum region of the homeland.
Constructing a system of combat infrastructure on the expanded part of Barque Canada Reef can create a solid and interconnected defensive and offensive posture with Amboyna Cay, Cornwallis South Reef and Tennent Reef, enhancing combat and defense capabilities on the islands to resist unexpected enemy infiltrations, thereby increasing the ability to swiftly support combat operations between islands and military bases in Spratlys, establishing remote defense positions, being ready to defeat any plot to encroach on Vietnam's maritime and island sovereignty, including the occupation of certain islands and shoals in Spratlys by China, Malaysia and Philippines.
With the importance and significance of the infrastructure system, it is crucial to expedite the implementation of the project. We kindly request the Naval Command to submit the Project to the Chief of the General Staff and relevant agencies for consideration, assessment, and approval, so that the related agencies and units have a basis for implementation.

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